From this article you will learn about everything about knee joint arthrosis: what are the reasons for this, this arises, what the manifestations are at different stages.How to treat it, how to avoid the disease.
Knee joint arthrosis (gontrosis) is a degenerative pathology of the joint, during which the cartilage is destroyed, the muscles and ligament damage and the deformation of the bones.
The disease mainly occurs after 40 years (12-16% of the population is ill at this age).Women get sick 2 times more often than men.Diseases are subject to athletes and people who are engaged in heavy physical labor.
Gonartrosis develops gradually and is accompanied by the appearance of pain in the joint:
- Joint mobility decreases;
- Bone and cartilage grow, which interferes with the normal functioning of the joint.
Over time, it causes the joint to improve.Without treatment, the disease causes disability.
Conservative therapy for knee joint arthrosis can only be possible at the initial stage of process development (1 and 2), allowing you to slow down the development of the pathology.
With the progression of the disease, treatment is only surgical.Only endoprosthetics can be replaced by endoprosthesis to prevent (100%) pathology - knee joint.
Traumatologist-orthopedics and other doctors are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of knee joint arthrosis.According to testimony, a rheumatologist is consulted.Symptoms of the disease can also be manifested by a sports doctor.
Causes of disease and types
Due to the provocation factor of the disease, knee arthrosis 2 species:
Primary (idiopathic)
This type of arthrosis affects middle and older people.The initial stages are diagnosed after 40 years, and at the age of 70, gonarthrosis is detected in 60% of people.Often, 2 joints are affected simultaneously.
Primary arthrosis occurs due to changes in the body, deteriorating blood flow and slowing down metabolism.The risk of development increases with obesity and seductive lifestyle.
Secondary
Medium - can appear in a person of any age and struck both 2 joints at once and 1.
The reasons are:
- Strong loads on the legs.
- Ligament injuries, knee pelvis, intra -shy fractures.
- Diseases in which metabolic processes (parathyroid gland disorders, diabetes, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, goout, mucopolyticism and other diseases) are delayed.
- Connective tissue diseases.
- Inflammatory pathologies (infectious and non -infectious synovitis and arthritis), hemophilia (a rare hereditary disease associated with blood loss).
Next, we will analyze in more detail what it is - knee joint arthrosis, its quality, what changes begins in the tissues of the pathology.
Symptoms and three stages of the disease
With the development of the disease, cartilage begins to become skinny due to a strong load or lack of nutrients in it.This causes bone friction to the knee joint.
Erosion on bone tissue is created as a protective reaction of the body - the formation of growth on it begins.All of these factors cause deformation of the knee joint and its limited mobility.
Symptoms of knee arthrosis in 3 stages:
| Bact | Clinical signs | Processes that take place in the joint |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |
It can flow asymptomatic Morning knees, squares, climbing stairs, after long loads, and after hypothermia possible The hardness of the morning appears on the knees Synovitis can develop - accumulate in the liquid joint that must be removed using puncture (cavity puncture liquid and its fence) |
The cartilage surface becomes rough and dry Cracks and ulcers are created on it |
| 2 |
Pain arises as a result of a small load and become more pronounced with active walking The leg is not completely bent, joint periodically crunchy The knee visually expands The risk of synovitis increases even more |
In response to an increased load on the joint, it seems to be a flat Begins to form osteophytes - bone growth Synovial fluid becomes thicker and less nourishing Destructive processes in the cartilage accelerated |
| 3 |
Pain is characterized chronic and carries a patient even during rest As a complete rise as well as a complete expansion of the knee The volume of the joint increases Walking is hard, many people are starting to use mittens or cane May appear valgus deformity of the legs (X -shaped leg parameter) or a variable deformation (the Feet O -shaped parameter) |
There is almost no cartilage fabric The bones are deformed and "with" clicking ", causing the joint to limit mobility |
The acute form
Acute arthrosis of the knee joint is a time when the disease is more rapidly and clearly clinically.
They can cause exacerbation:
- Very strong load on the joint;
- Hypothermia;
- Failure to comply with the established diet;
- Injury.
Sometimes gonarthrosis begins to be acute as if bypassing the first stage.This is possible due to knee injury.
Diagnostics
If you notice a limitation of the joint in the morning or after a long session, as well as pain when you arrive on the stairs or during a quarrel - this may be a sign of stages of gonarthrosis.
To make an accurate diagnosis, they came to be appointed to a therapist who will take you to an orthopedist or other physician.
Before starting treatment with osteoarthritis or gontros, the doctor will conduct an initial examination and sensation of the joint and also addresses:
- Radiography - will help to evaluate the joint condition;
- Ultrasound - Allows us to determine whether there is an inflammatory process.
Methods of treatment
With the arthrosis of the knee joint, its symptoms and treatment are interconnected, as many therapeutic measures are designed to eliminate disturbing characteristics and improve the quality of human life.
Taking drugs, diet and physiotherapy exercises:
- Slow further destructive processes in the cartilage;
- Avoid the transition to the disease at a more neglected stage.
It is impossible to completely cure the disease, but you can stop, slow down the development of the pathology.
Diet
The purpose of observing the diet is to slow down the progression of the disease.
What to add to the menu and what to rule out:
| Useful products | Forbidden products |
|---|---|
| Rabbit, turkey, chicken, dairy products, eggs (no more than 3 pieces per day and preferably without yolks) - Serve with protein sources |
Fatty meat, sausage, sausage - causes body weight gain, which creates an extra load on the joint and also prevents the normal production of synovial fluid |
| Fish, especially red varieties, are rich in omega -3 |
Flour, sweet, mayonnaise, fast food - products that promote an abundance of excess weight |
| Jelly, from broth to welded bones, gelatin - contains chondroitin and collagen that promotes the formation of fresh cartilage tissue |
White cabbage, tomatoes, Bulgarian pepper, eggplant, according to some versions, contains substances that destroy collagen and chondroitin - "building bricks" for cartilage fabric In addition, some examinations deny their harm to arthrosis |
| Rice, millet, buckwheat has complex carbohydrates that help produce synovial fluid |
Egg yolks, coden liver - increase the risk of development |
| Curd, cheese - Sources of calcium |
Coffee - lenses from the body that is useful for calcium bones and joints |
| Apples, broccoli, beans, pumpkin, zucchini, parsley, dill, cucumbers, carrots, celery, spinach, cereal, currant, grapefruit, grenade, papaya, almonds - the most useful of plant origin Saturated with substances that benefit from joints |
Alcohol - disrupts normal nutrition and metabolic processes in the joints |
| Water (1.5-2 liters per day) - Helps normalize metabolism in the body and in particular joints Juices (those fruits and vegetables that are listed above) |
Salt - can cause exacerbation |
Physical training
If you have developed knee arthrosis, medical exercises should become daily.Special exercises help to stimulate blood circulation in the joint, which will prevent the subsequent destructive processes of the cartilage.Physical education also increases the mobility of the affected article and prevents pain.However, any gymnastics are contraindicated in the acute course of the disease.
For therapeutic gymno -Doctor Eudocimenko's knee joints
The purpose of this complex of therapeutic gymnastics is to force the muscles that are surrounded around the joint, without loading.According to the Eudokimenko method of gymnastics, it shows a very good result with knee joint arthrosis.
Exercises:
- Sit on your stomach, clean your feet, arms seams.Raise 15 cm above the floor to a straight leg height, tighten your thigh buttocks and muscles.Hold this leg position for 30-40 seconds.Reduce it.Repeat the movement 1 times each foot.
- Take your straight leg up to 15 cm above the floor, hold for 1-3 seconds.Return to the original position (IP).Make 10-12 repetition of each leg.
- Knee 90 degrees.Raise the bent leg 10 cm from the floor and hold for 30-40 seconds.Make this movement for each foot 1 times.Then repeat the same exercise, but delay each leg for 1-3 seconds.Perform 10-12 repetitions of each leg.
- Above the two straight legs above the floor, bring it 10-15 cm above.Dilute them on the pages and take them back.Without lowering the legs of the feet, perform movements 8 times.In this case, the thigh muscles should work as much as possible.
- Lying on the side.Lower leg knee.Leave it directly from the top, lift 45 degrees to the floor.Hold it in this way for 30-40 seconds.Perform the exercise 1 during each leg.
- Sit on a chair.Raise the maximum set in your knee.Keep it for 30 seconds.Raise each leg 2-4 times.
- Get up.Leaning on the back of the chair.Standing on socks.Lie for 30-60 seconds.Return to IP.
- Stand socks, hold this position for 1-3 seconds.Return to IP.Repeat the movement 10-12 times.
- Place your right leg on the floor.Stand on your left leg.Raise your socks smoothly and pour the left heel on the floor.Roll so 10-12 times.
Physical education of this author is more intensity than the previous one.It is possible only at the first signs of gonarthrosis.Before you start doing it yourself, make sure you consult your doctor.
If you feel severe pain when performing, stop them immediately.
Surgical methods
Since it is not possible to cure knee arthrosis with completely conservative methods, in severe cases, doctors resort to surgical methods.
One of the most effective in the knee joint - endoprotection, ie replacement of joint artificial garbage surfaces.
The recovery period after endoprosthetics is 3 to 6 months.
Such surgical interventions are also performed:
- Artroplasty - plastic surgery to restore the normal structure of the joint;
- Corrective Osteotomy - Correcting Valgus or Varus deformations of the legs that can occur in advanced forms of arthrosis.
Folk remedies
Home production products can be a wonderful addition to traditional therapy.
However, before the knee joint arthrosis is treated with folk remedies, consult your doctor, as some natural ingredients may have contraindications or are not combined with the medication you prescribed.
Here are some effective recipes, with time:
- Beef hooves and knees - helps to recover cartilage.Boil them for a few hours.Drink 100 ml of broth before each meal.
- Honey, apple cider vinegar - relieve swelling and pain.Mix the components from 3 to 1 in proportion.In the evening, make compresses, apply for 30 minutes.
- Jerusalem Artichoke - Helps relieve pain attack.Pour 350 g of crushed leaves and topnamic stem 2 L of boiling water.Cool at room temperature.Help gauze bandage in infusion and put on pain.
Prevention
Preventive measures are very simple:
- Get involved in physical education, but do not overload the elbows.Never move on asphalt.Special paths or primers are suitable for running.
- Avoid knee injuries or timely treatment.For bruises and sprays, contact your traumatologist immediately and follow all of his recommendations.
- Eat properly.
- Refuse bad habits.
Prognosis
Arthrosis is a disease that is completely cure for conservative methods.
However, do not disappoint.Given that all your doctor's recommendations are suitable, you can avoid complications, relieve pain, and improve the amplitude of the joint movements.
Do not delay a visit to a specialist, as the later stage of the disease can lead to deformities and disability.Modern medicine treats them quickly.